High Remarks for Hybrid Cars

QUESTION: Describe the different types of hybrid cars and how they are improving fuel efficiency. What are other pros and cons of driving a hybrid? —————————————————————————————————- High Remarks for Hybrid Cars It is no secret that one of the most popular trends in today's society is â€Å"going green† to help the economy, save the world, and so on. It is also no secret that gasoline prices have steadily increased over the years, and four dollars a gallon does not exactly agree with our wallets.In an effort to â€Å"go green† and save money on gasoline, hybrid cars have recently become a great option for those interested in getting high gas mileage and saving lots of money†¦ or so they think. Although hybrid cars have high gas mileage an d extend the time between visits to the pump, reviewing the raw facts about hybrid cars while asking the question â€Å"Do hybrid cars seem like a money-saving solution? † is a wise decision. While there are many different kinds of hybrid cars, they all share one common trait: a traditional, gasoline-powered motor and a new electric, battery-powered motor are both found within the vehicles.These vehicles use both motors at different times when on the go: the electric motor powers the vehicle when going less than 40 miles per hour, while the gas motor powers the vehicle at speeds greater than 40 miles per hour. While the functions of both motors may seem unimportant to some, consider stop-and-go rush hour traffic. Not only does the electric motor reduce smog levels due to its exhaust-free trait, but it also helps to save gasoline that is wasted when frequently pressing the accelerator.Another plausible scenario to consider is living in a small town where the speed limit rarely exceeds 40 miles per hour; traveling through these towns on electric energy can save gallons of gas, giving our wallets time to become more plump between each visit to the pump. The efficiency of hybrids are found in the vehicles' aero dynamics, weight reduction, and less powerful gas engine, making hybrid cars the most gasoline efficient vehicles on the market; these vehicles get an outstanding average of 48 to 60 miles per gallon.Although hybrid cars seem like the most logical way to go, a closer look at the cons of these vehicles can make anyone think twice. Because hybrids have both a gasoline-powered motor and a battery-powered motor, they are more likely to break down or malfunction due to the complexity of the system as a whole. These malfunctions can easily put the vehicle in an auto shop, causing an inconvenience on our schedules and our wallets. While hybrid cars do save gas when caught in stop-and-go traffic or driving through low-speed areas, the total savings aren't ex actly tremendous.Comparing a Honda Insight (hybrid car) and a Honda Civic (regular car), the annual difference between the fuel bills is only $230. While this may seem like a decent amount to save each year, take a closer look at the price of the two cars. Because hybrid cars are new, popular, and â€Å"money savers† (such as the Honda Insight), they costs a significant amount more than the standard cars equipped for saving gas (such as the Honda Civic); hybrid cars range from about $19,000 to $25,000, while gas-saving cars range from $14,000 to $17,000.People purchase these cars because the companies who sell them claim to save the consumers a fortune in gasoline expenses, however this doesn't seem to be the case when closely looking at these numbers. Over a ten year time period, a hybrid car would save approximately $2,300 in fuel expenses, but this amount of money fails to cover the payment difference for the car itself as opposed to a regular, strictly gasoline car (the d ifference between the cars being anywhere from $5,000 to $8,000). Hybrid cars also claim to get anywhere from 48 to 60 miles per gallon, which is a plus.However, this gas mileage is only about 20% to 35% better than a gas saving vehicle; gas saving vehicles, such as the Honda Civic, still get a decent average of 36 miles per gallon. After reviewing the price difference between the hybrid and a gas saving vehicle, the inability of the hybrid to replenish the money difference between itself and gas saving vehicles, the small amount of savings the hybrid annually provides at the pump, and the minuscule difference between gas mileage, an answer shouldn't be difficult to reach: Do hybrid cars seem like a money-saving solution?

Philosophy: The Ethics of Human Cloning

In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is right to clone a human being based on different facts and opinions of small groups or communities(Dudley 11). The technology of cloning is not quite developed enough for a doctor to be certain that an experiment will be successful. In Scotland, the first sheep was cloned and was named Dolly. It took over 250 tries before they were successful in creating the clone. When news of this reached America, immediately polls showed that ninety percent of Americans were against the idea of cloning humans. Those who support cloning research replied by saying the public based their opinions on fallacies of the news media and, therefore, could not comprehend the whole picture(Farnsworth). Those in favor of cloning might say it can push forward medical research. For example, with cloning technology it may be possible to learn how to replace old cells with new ones. This could lead to a longer life for each individual. Also, with enough research scientists could create clones to act as donors. Some scientists say that human cloning may eventually reverse heart attacks. This accomplishment would take place by injecting healthy heart cells into damaged heart tissue. In addition, cloning could help improve family life. For example, if a couple lost a hild they loved dearly and could not reproduce naturally, cloning that child could be an alternative. In this way, the parents would have the chance to love the clone just as much as the original child. On the other hand, those against cloning would say that it is wrong for a doctor to harm a clone. If this were allowed, eventually we would compromise the individual. Clones would become second-class citizens. Cloning strips humanity from natural reproduction by leaving a clone with only one parent. In addition, there would be a decline in genetic diversity. In ther words, if some day we all have the same genetic makeup and lose the technology of cloning, we would have to resort back to natural reproduction. This would cause problems because it has the same effect as inbreeding. In the same way, clones would feel like they had lost their individuality. For example, their genetic makeup would be known. Also, there could be negative psychological effects that will impact the family and society. For instance, if a clone finds out that s/he has no biological father it may suppress the clone’s feeling of equality among other naturally born people. Also, there is a chance that the mother or the clone may become sterile. Among all of these there are too many risks for the bearing mothers and embryos. Eventually, it would turn into a routine to destroy human embryos in the process of cloning(†The Ethics of Cloning†). According to Latter-Day Saints, cloning does not respect the fact that humans have souls and it robs clones of their humanity. God intended the power to create humans to be practiced between a man and a woman in the boundaries of marriage. Do otherwise is taking the work of God into your own hands. This means that humans lack the authority to make ecisions about creating or destroying a life. In addition, humans do not have enough knowledge or power to control outcomes of certain events (Dudley 56). However, others believe religion has no place in the debate. They argue, interpreters of the Bible can not agree on what actions God would allow to be done with justified means. In addition, the Koran or the Bible have limits to their validity because they do not address specific issues that need to be answered(Dudley 66). After analyzing the situation, Aristotle would say that human cloning is unethical because bad means are used. For instance, it took scientists 277 tries to create the first cloned sheep. This means that there were hundreds of deformities before the successful specimen was created. In the same way, deformities of humans would be a result of experimentation, which would decrease the quality of life for those specific clones. And, even if we found a cure for a disease, let’s say cancer, it would be reaching a good end through bad means. On the other hand, Kant would say that human cloning is ethical in that the number of people who benefit from it outweighs the number of people who suffer from it. For example, cloning could be a way to help expand the length of human life, but it would cost the lives of clones who were failures in the experiment. In this way, Kant would agree that bettering all of humanity in exchange for a small group of less fortunate people is justified. Somewhat closer to agreeing with Aristotle than Kant, Sartre would say the act of cloning a human being is an act of free will. Therefore, if an individual decided to go forward in this act, they would be correct because each situation is unique. According to Sartre, owever, the individual is involved in this action is, in fact, responsible and would receive the consequences that come about in the particular act. Therefore, Sartre would come to a consensus that it is ethical to clone humans, but the consequences of doing so are upon those who are apart of the act. After taking into account many of the alternatives and situations of cloning, I would not support human cloning. The effects from all of the harms that are unknown outweigh all of the good that can come from the research of cloning. In addition, I agree with Aristotle that ou must not use bad means to reach a good end. Therefore, seeing that cloning human is both degrading to the clone and to humanity, I believe that cloning involves too much unknown information that we would need in order to even consider it. However, if scientists had enough information to be able to clone a human without a shadow of a doubt, then it might be more ethical to clone. But, the social glitch would still be present; clones would be seen as inferior to naturally reproduced humans. Therefore, I do not support the legalization of cloning or any practices thereof. My solution bends more towards the objective part of the spectrum. I think that if humans could be cloned without the risk of death or intentional killing of clones for organ transplants it would be more acceptable to practice it. But, the clone’s social status could not change as easily as the latter. Universally, therefore, cloning should be banned in order to preserve the natural functions which we were made to perform as human beings. A general rule for cloning humans is â€Å"do not clone unless there are no negative consequences as a result of performing the act. †

What Does it Cost to Attend Saint Josephs University?

For the majority of families with college bound students, college costs are a significant concern. CNN reported in 2016 that the average American family was paying more than $100,000 for a four-year degree from a private university. Hence, it’s no surprise that over 85% of college students now receive financial aid. What is a surprise for many families, though, is how difficult it can be to predict college expenses. In this series, we at dive deep into the costs of attending college at hundreds of schools across the country to help you more accurately predict how much you’re likely to pay. To learn more about how much your family might pay for a degree from Saint Joseph’s University, don’t miss this post. College costs vary quite a bit as many different factors affect them. The amount that your family ultimately pays out of pocket for a college degree depends on how much scholarship money and merit aid your students receives, how much financial aid your family is eligible for, and how much the particular college costs to begin with. It is a complicated equation with many pieces that don’t fall firmly into place until late in the college selection process. It can be helpful, though, to learn about the specific factors that impact cost in an effort to better predict your own expenses. One of the biggest factors in determining college costs is the list price at the college your student ultimately attends. List price, also sometimes referred to as the sticker price, is the total cost of attending that college without any financial assistance. It generally includes tuition, room and board, and all necessary fees. Sometimes certain costs are excluded, like room and board at commuter schools, so make sure to confirm what the list price covers when you are comparing list prices from one school to another. The good news is that most families do not end up paying the entire list price. Instead, they pay a net cost that depends on how much financial assistance they receive in the form of institutional aid, merit aid, or federal, state, and local aid. A student’s financial aid package will often consist of a combination of several or all of these types of aid. The types and amount of assistance granted vary from one family and one student to the next making them difficult to predict in advance, but understanding more about them can help your family prepare for this big investment. During the 2016-2017 school year, the list price at St. Joseph’s was $59,574. Because St. Joseph’s is a private school, it does not offer discounts for state residents and the list price remains the same regardless of where you reside. Still, not many students pay the full list price. Those who should expect to do so are generally students with a family income of $175k or more. In 2016, students who received financial aid only had an average net cost of $53,050. Those without financial need who were awarded merit aid had an average net cost of $46,947. Again, these numbers are the same regardless of state of residence. The amount that a family receives in financial aid is highly dependent on how much that family earns. This means that breaking down net cost by family income level can provide important additional insight. At St. Joseph’s, those costs breakdown as follows. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. St. Joseph’s commonly awards merit aid to its students. In 2017, 82% of students without financial need received merit awards. The average merit award for a student without financial need was $12,627. Saint Joseph’s ranks 270th in the pool over 1000 schools we analyzed for merit aid generosity. Loans are also common amongst St. Joseph’s students. In 2017, 79% of students held a loan to help finance his or her education. The average federal student loans per undergraduate student was $6,761. There’s no doubt that college costs represent a significant upfront expense for most families. It can be helpful to consider this a long-term investment, as a college degree generally leads to a lifelong increase in earning potential. Looking at the student outcomes for a particular college can help you gauge the potential return on this investment. At St. Joseph’s, 79% of students who begin a degree complete it within six years. The average salary ten years after graduation is $59,600. There will undoubtedly be other expenses that arise during the course of a four year degree program, and the cost of these will likely be linked to the local economy. Expenses like groceries, transportation, or even off campus housing will add up over the course of four years, so looking at the local cost of living can help you to better anticipate these costs. Saint Joseph’s University is located in Philadelphia, PA. Generally, big cities have a higher cost of living than suburban or rural locations, but Philadelphia is fairly affordable considering its size. The cost of living index in Philadelphia is 110.4 , meaning it is about 10% more expensive than the national average of all cities and towns. While transportation tends to be very expensive in Philadelphia, driving up the total cost of living, housing is surprisingly affordable given its urban setting. Students living off campus will spend about $834/month on a studio apartment or $1493/month on a three-bedroom. The job market in Philadelphia isn’t great, though. Unemployment rates run significantly above average while recent job growth and projected job growth are both slightly below average. Minimum wage in Pennsylvania is the federally mandated minimum of $7.25/hr, a rate which has held since 2009. Current legislation has been proposed to raise it to $12/hr, but nothing has passed as of May 2019. Scholarship money can be another big help when it comes to funding a college education. Many families think of scholarships as something reserved for only the most academically elite students across the country, but in reality they come in many different shapes and sizes. The most popular scholarship program is the National Merit Scholarship Program, which has over a million participants each year. High school juniors who take the PSAT are eligible for awards through this program based on their scores. Other awards are also distributed based on PSAT scores by the National Hispanic Recognition Program and awards from specific corporations or colleges. To learn more about the program, check out our post How to Qualify for the National Merit Scholarship Program . Scholarships exist on many different levels, too. Some, like the National Merit Scholarship Program, operate nationally and attract large pools of applicants. Others are regional or even local in nature, or have awards received for very specific skills, personal qualities, or backgrounds. You can check out some of the options in these posts: If you’re interested in learning more about college costs, applying for scholarships, and optimizing your student’s application, check out ’s Applications Guidance service. Here, your student will be paired with a personal admissions specialist from a top college who can provide step-by-step guidance through the entire application process, including the funding options available to your family.

Student Experiences with Diversity at Liberal Arts Colleges Research Paper

Student Experiences with Diversity at Liberal Arts Colleges - Research Paper Example While larger college campuses have the draw to pull a large body of minority students, smaller liberal arts colleges typically have fewer students, less diversity and fewer resources to offer this same environment, yet they still manage to provide their students with many of these benefits. It has not yet been established why or how these smaller colleges manage to give their students this type of experience. Therefore, this study was designed to answer primarily three questions: How do students at liberal arts colleges compare with their counterparts at other types of institutions in terms of their diversity-related experiences; what organizational factors and conditions are related to diversity experiences at liberal arts colleges; and what are the relationships between diversity experiences at liberal arts colleges and other educationally purposeful activities and outcomes? One of the questions explored by this study is whether or not students at the smaller liberal arts colleges experience the same, the less or greater degree of diversity than those students attending larger university campuses with greater inherent diversity among its student population.   This is relevant both in determining whether students at smaller institutions are receiving the type of education desired in terms of being able to meet ‘real-world’ challenges as well as whether true diversity in student population is necessary to provide students with this education.   The study also begins to formulate ideas regarding which programs, activities, curriculum or other factors contribute to an effective experience.

The rise of the Islamic State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The rise of the Islamic State - Essay Example Sharia law was based on the rule of law, as Muslims had traditionally used sharia law to govern themselves (NabhaÌ„niÌ„, 2001). Secondly, the UN should come together with countries and strive to meet the mission of controlling and eliminating the group that is using the name Islamic state to destabilize world security. The Islamic world greatly wanted to control the world through Sharia law and rapidly advanced their militant groups across the world to capture and control states despite growth in anti-Muslim detestation. There is no sufficient reason to blame the rise of Islamic states. This is because United States had contributed for the upcoming Islamic states. In 2003, US invasion to Iraq concentrated mainly in guarding oils fields hence leaving Iraq boundaries wide-open for thousands of jihad combatants to come into the country (Ehrenberg,  2010). US has also contributed to falling of Iraq by dismantling Iraqi army that was the only force that was familiar with the layout of Iraqi topography. If the army had not dismantled, they had the potential to curb the armed insurgents. Sharia law was unprinted constitution, and it was instrumental in modeling the tradition of Islamic states over centuries. This law was essential as it made members of Islamic states enjoy a high degree of respect and prestige. Islamic states are calling for the establishment of the sharia law in the modern Muslim world. Islamic states were based on the rule of law as they had traditionally used sharia law to govern themselves. Sharia law historical was effective in balancing of power in the Islamic states. The westerns have termed sharia law as a threat to democracy, and this was against the Muslims notion. Consequently, Islamic states went against the stereotype the western countries had toward their use of sharia law and this made Islamic states to develop actions of being radical and anti-western armed group committed in inaugurating an independent

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Critique - Essay Example rrupt practices act which was formed with an intention of stopping bribery of foreign official ad prohibit Us citizens and firm from making improper payments to foreign officials. The National Free trade agreements were designed between three countries to remove taxes on products traded and also helped protect copyrights, patents and trademarks. Another similarity is that all this organizations have some sort of controversies and criticisms. At some point it has failed to achieve its goals, interest and objectives. At some point each of this organizations have impacted negatively on the welfare of people in terms of equity, cost – benefits analysis such increasing the rate of crimes, unemployment, increase in social crimes. For example, the removal of taxes on product makes the local industries lose a substantial market share due to foreign stiff competition from superior products. The United Nations Security Council at some time enacts sanctions meant to benefit only its members at the expense of other non-members. The IMF on then other hand offers credit in an unfair manner such as imposing heavy and unfair terms and conditions on the funds to be lent. The member states in all these papers that both members have voting rights and take part in decision making process that affects the operations of each of the organi zations. However, there are different between paper one and paper two. First countries formed in paper one are from Europe for example, the European union which is formed in Europe while in paper two the organizations formed are from America notably the United states of America. It can also be pointed out that the formation of those organization in paper one is signed and ratified by the member states unlike in paper two where the only the head of states are endowed with authority of signing of the agreement. Another notable difference is that those organizations in paper two have been formed to indentify and promote the rights of consumers of

Free Will Unit4 DB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free Will Unit4 DB - Assignment Example My argument is empiricist. It is supported by some evidence including Psychiatric illness like Schizophrena whose findings after studies suggest a remarkably high degree of influence of genetics, mostly evidence that is additive with no shared influence of the environment. Mental ability, where the IQ is only governed by the environment at an early age, but genetic influence increases gradually while the effects of the shared environment drop to zero. Social attitudes, where studies reveal that environmental influence on conservatism is only up to the age 19 after which genetic influences takes change (Bouchard & Thomas, 2004). My argument is based on findings from different researches taken by different institutions and which focuses on different areas. I have also provided supporting evidence of those findings. Therefore, my conclusion is that genetics affect the human personality and physiology more than the environment does and given that this argument is empiricist the freedom to choose among the two is restricted to a single option being genetics. Baker C. (2004) Behavioral Genetics: An introduction to how genes and environments interact through development to shape differences in mood, personality and intelligence. Retrieved March 4, 2013 from

Week 7 dq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 7 dq - Essay Example It would be wise to therefore disarm him as Attfield recommends that saving human life should not be bargained. 2. I should be tested before getting intimate in the new relationship. From previous relationships, I could have been infected with HIV/AIDS but have never known because I have never been tested. The results could determine the destiny of the relationship and I do not know whether I would continue if found to be HIV positive. My partner would also have to prove with rightful documentation that she has been tested and found to be free of HIV before we get intimate. 3. I would do as the instructor asks me to do and respond as being in New York and not Bridgeport, Connecticut. With every job comes regulations and rules and for one to be successful, these have to be followed to the latter even if they do not make sense or go against one’s moral ethics. After all, so much effort had been put to learn the job and the people calling would not know my location. In case of a situation getting beyond my capacity to handle, then the instructor would advice on the way forward. 4. I accept the arrangement because it gives solutions to the main problem, lack of finance in the family. In as much as the solution goes against moral standards, my family would be saved from financial stress and I would get to go to the school of my desire, Ivy League School. Whatever decisions are made, Attfield argues that there would be costs and

The social impact of television in the Hunger games and 1984 Essay

The social impact of television in the Hunger games and 1984 - Essay Example While the year had come and gone, this narrative was written timely. The novel gives an amazing and haunting vision of the world. The powers of this novel are beyond doubt as it holds the all the imaginations of many generations of readers. This paper looks at the social impact that television has had on this two stories and how the government uses media especially television to control the people. The media especially television serves us with a lot of information. But the question that you may ask is ‘how often do we think about the impact of this information on our thoughts and behaviors?’ while we may believe that it is good to be informed without persuasion, then to some degree we have been manipulated by television. There are many instances in which the use of television has impacted the Hunger Games which was written by Suzanne Collins. In order to explore the television and its effect on people in the Hunger Game, it is easy to look at Katniss Everdeen as she becomes a leader and champion by understanding the power of television. Her unpredictable degrees of awareness and the manipulation of the content that is televised perfectly shows how society reacts to this as well. It is no secret that media specifically television is all around us, which provide us with information at all times. In many times, we perceive them as purely educational or entertaining. We barely think of its impact on our opinions and behaviors. After all, most people are capable of differentiating fact from fiction and can be informed without persuasion, right? But the truth of the matter is the Hunger Games has been impacted by the television. The level of manipulation, will however depend on one’s understanding of media operates, specifically how television impacts viewers. In the Hunger Games, the capitol uses television to keep the citizens compliant. The impact of this has been seen mainly in terms of beliefs, politics and opinions.

Junk food is killing America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Junk food is killing America - Essay Example nderstand how exactly the food has been made, but more importantly, a person should consider making personal food from clear ingredients other than consuming anonymous junk products. Most junk food contains an excessive amount of sugar that lacks no nutrients other than a large amount of energy. The above causes demoralizing effect and increases the rate of metabolic reaction beyond the required amount of calories. Excursive calories thus increase chances for Triglycerides and the indigestible amount of cholesterol that accumulates around the liver and the abdomen, which in turn create avenues to chronic diseases that claim numerous life’s for American citizens. Besides, junk foods are often processed from a centralized processing plant that is susceptible to spreading of germs and bacteria. Health practitioners in the United States argue that majority of citizens in the United States often fall sick after contracting pathogens associated with junk food outlets such as ground beef of, which 15% do not survive. Therefore, it is recommended that that fresh food from gardens, salad restaurants and positive eating habit is critical to improved performance and a positive, healthy impact in the future (Smith

Sir Richard Hawkins Essay Example for Free

Sir Richard Hawkins Essay Sir Richard Hawkins was an explorer, soldier and privateer. He followed in his father footsteps and became a well-respected mariner. He explored his whole live and never stopped looking for adventure out on the open see. We began with his live on land, then his maritime days and last end up at why he was such an important explorer and sea farer. Sir Richard Hawkins life began in Plymouth around 1562 to Katherine and John Hawkins. His dad was a famous Elizabethan explorer. Richard Hawkins never went to school. He grew up in the company of many mariners, including his father, William Hawkins, his uncle and Sir Walter Raleigh, learning about the sea and its trade. When he was 22 he went on his first voyages with his uncle, William, to Brazil. This was the start of Richards Hawkins expeditions and life on see. Richard Hawkins married Judith (Dame) Hele and had 6 children. The first, born in Deptford in 1592 was Judith, and then came Margret in 1603, John in1604, Richard, Johan 1607 and Mary. He bought the house and manor of Poole and Slapton located between Dartmouth and Start Point. This is where you spent the years of 1603 to 1605 writing a book called â€Å"Observations on His Voyage into the South Seas, AD 1593†. Richard at the age of 58 he continued his need for adventure by leading and expedition to the Mediterranean against the Barbary or North African pirates. Richard died on April 17, 1622 at the age of 60 in Slapton England. Richard Hawkins had many adventures at sea and continued to for as long as he lived. While on his trip to Brazil with his uncle, he captained one ship and was second command of another. They arrived back in Plymouth in November of 1582 with a bounty of around 8000.000 crowns. His next captaining job was of the Duck which carried of 240 guns of Spain’s and forced Spain to concentrate on strengthening their colonies defense. 2 years later he was captain his own ship called the Swallow, which he led against the Spanish Armada along with lending two more of his own ships. This was a battle lead by the Spanish against the British because of the protestant rule of Elizabeth I and piracies by British ships against the Spanish trade. It is said that Richard’s ship was the most damage. In 1590 Richard sailed with his father, who commanded a fleet of 6 ships to sail along the Spanish coast plundering goods. In 1593 he obtained a ship from his father, first named Repentance by his mother but changed to Dainty by the Queen. He departed Plymouth, crossed the Atlantic and raided Valparaiso, but was captured by several ships, 1300 Spaniard against his 75 men. He surrendered after the third day after being wounded on the condition his men be set free. He was imprisoned in Peru for 3 years and then in Madrid, where he attempted to escaped but was caught. He was ransomed for  £3,000 in 1602 which his step mother begrudgingly paid. When he return home he was knighted by King James the I, became mayor of Plymouth and its MP in the parliament. Sir Richard Hawkins was a very important man, a solider, navigator, shipbuilder, commander, father, son and employee. He is best known for his voyage to South Africa. Richard Hawkins also discovers the Falkland Islands which he mapped and named Hawkins Maidenland. Hawkins wrote the memories of his first sea trip under the title â€Å"Voiage into the South Sea†, which became the most famous Elizabethan adventure, re-published by the Hakluyt Society and reworked in Charles Kingsleys Westward Ho! He also used three of his own ships in the Armada in which he fought and risked his life and property to help the British won. He also was in England’s politics as a parliament member. He bombarded the Spanish fleets by stealing gold and treasures, enabling England to compete with Spain and supporting his country. Also, when he was captured by Spain he sacrificed himself for his crew. Without Richard sacrifice his crew could have been killed. From the beginning with Richards’s father also being an important mariner, it makes sense that Richard should become a mariner that surpasses his father. From the start of his first time to sea at 22 he never stopped seeking exploration and adventure. Without his contributes to exploration, parliament, the Armada, his novels, and his sacrifices to his men, country and family, the world would not be the same.

Principles of personal devlpment Essay Example for Free

Principles of personal devlpment Essay Data protection act Freedom of information act 1995 Aii) Human rights act Disability discrimination act 1995 Aiii) Human rights act Control of substances hazardous to health regulations 2002 Aiv) Care standards act 2000 Code of practice Av) Safeguarding vulnerable adults groups act 2006 Policies and procedures Avi) A PDP is a personal development plan and is done between you and your manager. They will record all information about your learning and development needs in work. Things like targets, agreed objectives and activities to meet them and standards that are required. These all build your own appraisal. Avii) Carers, members of staff that work with you. The individuals you care for and their family Supervisor, manager. Task B Case study Bi) Jenna must make sure that she respects other people’s beliefs even though they may be different to her own. She must go about this in a non-judgmental way. She should also read through people’s care plans to gain better knowledge of them and their needs. I also think Jenna should put her own beliefs to one side and then discuss with her boss any issues she may have. It is essential for carers to respect each and every individual as an individual, not letting anything affect this. Maybe she should also look back on how she has spoken to the service user and make sure she doesn’t come across as rude or nasty in the future. Bii) It is very important to reflect on your work activities as it’s a very good way to develop skills and make sure you understand everything. It will also give you chance to plan how you are going to behave if the situation happens again. You can make changes and improve the way you work, it is also very important to reflect on your own behaviour and see how it affects others. During these reflections it’s a very good time to find the help and support you may need to better the way you work. E. g. training sessions. When working in care it is important that you learn to think about your own practice in a constructive way. Reflection and evaluation should not undermine your confidence but you should use them in a constructive way to identify areas for improvement. Ci) Moving and handling course – training session Knowing how to safely move a resident e. g. hoist. Skills – risk assessment is needed for each person, which sling is safe etc. do they need a hoist. We need to know the risks because if the manoeuvre is not completed properly this can cause falls and accidents. Cii) During my senior training I received feedback during my senior training, on how to do peg feeds safely and effectively. My first time, I didn’t happen to flush enough water, so my assessor informed me of this, which then improved my skill as a senior to do my job role properly. I then had then knowledge and skills to improve my work role.

The Launch Of The Renault Logan Marketing Essay

The Launch Of The Renault Logan Marketing Essay Introduction The launch of the Renault Logan and the subsequent events is a happening which deserves recognition from strategists all around the world. The Logan was launched to appeal to the developing nations. Renault then launched a variation of the car for the Western European. This was immensely successful in both the regions and has been a key driver in the success of the company. The Logan, a low cost car manufactured by the French auto giant Renault SA, was intended to be its world car and was developed at the Romanian subsidiary, Dacia. Meant to be sold in the emerging markets of the world, it managed to achieve success even in developed nations like France, Spain Germany. This lead Renault SA to introduce a Logan variant especially for these markets. We discuss the factors that made Renault to get into the low cost car segment. It also examines the approach of Renault to give to the developing world a car with a pre-designated sale price, various cost reduction methods. It goes on to discuss the launch of the Logan in Western Europe where the company launched a variant based on the early success of the company. We broadly look at the following issues while discussing the launch strategy: To examine the strategic reasons behind a major auto companys decision to manufacture a low cost car for developing markets. To understand the reasons behind the success of the Logan, not only in developing nations but also in the developed nations markets. To examine the strategy employed by the company while entering new markets History of Renault 1898-1918 The Renault Corporation was founded in 1899 as Socià ©tà © Renault Frà ¨res by Louis Renault and his two brothers Marcel and Frerand in Boulogne. The founder was extremely fond of cars, the most important invention in the field of transportation in that century. He invented the first direct hold gearbox while he was working on a new design for his car. He succeeded to sell the gearbox to one of his fathers friends who was really impressed by the product. After patenting the product, he set up the company with his brothers and 2 friends. He was in charge of production and development and his brothers managed the administration stuff. Renault factories started mass production in 1905 and started following Taylorisms, a method of Scientific Management to increase economic efficiency in labour intensive industries, in 1913. The first cars were bought only by the very rich people because of the price which was around ten years worth of a normal workers salary. The company thus promptly decided to diversify by getting into the production of taxis and trucks. At the same time, the brothers understood the importance of advertising and began to field Renault cars in automobile races. The First World War presented a way for the company to become the first private manufacturer in France and it became well-known due to the participation in the war effort with production of various products ranging from munitions, military planes to tanks like the FT17. 1919-1945 After the war, the company diversified into the agricultural and industrial sectors. But the competition in the automobile sector became harder because of cheaper cars being available on the market. At this time, Renault met some financial problems in a period that was hard for the social and economic environment in France. During the 1920s, the company tried to overcome these difficulties. In 1920, the first Renault concessionaire appeared. A modernization process was launched in 1929 with the installation of the first assembly line in the Billancourt factory (in the West of Paris). Moreover, the demand for cars became very large especially for small automobiles designed for private individuals. Renault did limit its frontiers to the French market but enter foreign ones like the United Kingdom and its colonies. It was also a period which saw a lot of technical improvements in Renault cars. During the Second World War and the German occupation of France, Renault produced trucks for the Germans but stopped the civil small automobiles because of the War. Louis Renault was arrested for collaboration at the end of the war and the provisional French government decided to nationalize the company in January 1945 which became the Rà ©gie Nationale des Usines Renault (the National State Control of Renault Factories). 1945-1975 With the reconstruction time after the world conflict, the company modernized its installations, built and bought new production sites. The French economy at the time was really prosperous and amongst the fastest growing at the time. Renault tried its hand at internationalization and succeeded to a degree but failed to enter the lucrative US market. Cars during this period really became indispensable for private use and thus big successes arrived with popular cars for everybody: the 4CV, and then the Dauphine, the Renault 4, the Renault 5, etc. The first premium model was born with the Renault 16 and other Renault sports cars continued to meet a lot of success in cars races in which Renault invested a lot of money. 1975-1992 The growth stage for the company went on until the beginning of the 1980s. Many new models were launched and the premium products in particular- the Renault 25 and the Espace appeared and became big ticket selling items for the company. At the same time, the Renault brand grew strongly not in a small part due to the excellent performances in the Formula 1 world- the automobile racing championships. Nevertheless, Renault encountered big losses in the 70s and the economic crises during the 1970s accentuated the problems. A drastic policy for reducing all the costs and refocusing on the core competencies was started and started paying dividends as seen in 1987 when Renault made profits again. 1992-2005 The 1990s presented new opportunities for Renault. First, an alliance with Volvo was planned but it fell through. However, the real change came with the privatization of the company in the year 1996. 3 years later, in 1999, the company signed a merger deal with Japanese car maker Nissan a deal which through cross holding saw Renault getting 44.5% ownership of Nissan and Nissan getting 15% of Renault. Formula 1 during the period saw Renault become title challengers through Fernando Alonso. This again contributed to the brand equity for Renault. The Innovations and went on with models like the Megane and the Laguna which contributed the maximum to the sales of Renault during this time. In the 2000s, the Renault-Nissan alliance has become stronger and the companies have found synergies which can only help in the alliance. The group internationalization is a big objective now and this can be seen the buyouts of Samsung Motors and Dacia. They brought over 99% of the Romanian company and this subsidiary of Renault was the one that actually brought the Logan to the market. Renaults context The New Global Strategy Renaults necessity to capture the emerging markets stems from the fact that markets in the developed nations are not growing fast enough to cater to the growth requirement of an international car company. For this very reason, the global strategy of Renault was renewed, and it was decided that the optimal one would be to strengthen their position in their natural market, meaning the European one and to enter new market with a high potential of development, meaning emerging markets. In the year 2004, Renault-Nissan was the fourth largest manufacturer in the car industry. The objective defined in the new strategy formulated in 2004 was to become the third largest company by 2010 and to achieve an increase of 30% on the number of car sold (meaning an increase of 900 000 cars). This objective meant to sell 6.5 millions of cars in 2010 instead of 5.6 in 2004, hence capture 10% of the global market. The purpose of this plan was to take Renault into the car industrys global group. They also wanted to restore the operating margin which has been deteriorating since early 2005. An international strategy needed a global vision of the market, hence defining what was common to consumers all over the world. This was Renaults strategic context that led to the launching of the Logan. The Need to enter Emerging Nations Developing a car for developing markets has become a quest within the automobile in recent years. It all began with Fiat nearly doing it with the Palio; Launching a car in this segment- modern yet affordable- in lower-income regions is an essential tool available in the hands of automotive companies for expanding the car industry on the whole. In the absence of these models, the streets of the emerging markets are full of obsolete western designs which are still in local production, or used imported cars from developed markets that have been dumped there. The dumped cars are old and invariably never adhere to environmental standards, thus making the low-cost modern cars an even better value proposition for not only environment lovers but also for people who are sensitized to the issue. These cars match up to all the environment standards set around the world thus appealing to the people living in the developing or emerging nations. Old designs can still be seen in many countries and the factories setup over 30 years back are still making the car they were initially setup to build, albeit with some minor adjustments. An example of this is the Maruti 800 in India which has been in production from 1982. Another example of the same is the 40 year-old car, the Zhiguli, a car by Russian giant AvtoVAZ. The examples given above are not really about car makers from developed nations dumping old generation products in emerging markets. This can be seen from the example of the Nissan which still makes the Tsuru, a budget-priced version of the 1980s Sentra, in Mexico. Another of Brazils top sellers, the Fiat Uno, has also been in production since at the local factory back in 1976. All these models share the same basic economic model the production line is bought and paid for; the RD costs of the models were amortised long ago. Theyre made in simple plants with low-cost labour and using local suppliers, to tolerances that would not be acceptable in the developed world. Theyre easy to maintain and spares are readily available. In a nutshell, theyre cheap. And mostly rather nasty. The trick is to replace them with something thats equally cheap but cheap and cheerful instead of cheap and nasty. Cheerful in that its safe and clean. But thats fiendishly difficult to achieve. Fiats Project 178 of 1996 was the first concerted attempt to create such a car. Fiat has substantial interests in a number of emerging markets, principally Latin America and Central Europe, but also in North Africa, South Africa, Turkey and India. Project 178 spawned a number of vehicles off a new platform Palio hatch, Siena sedan, Palio Weekend wagon and Strada pick-up. And Fiat talked the project up, predicting sales globally of close to a million units a year. In reality, it hasnt come close. So far about 3.5m units have been built including more than 2m in Brazil. But over the 10-year lifespan of the project, thats only 350,000 a year. Part of the problem was a failure to set up a meaningful alliance in China Fiat has a low-key operation with Nanjing Automobile, established in 1999, and only sells about 30,000 cars a year there. But more importantly, the Project 178 cars werent cheap enough to take over from the entry-level clunkers they were intended to replace. In Brazil, the Uno Mille soldiers on as Fiats cheapest model, with Palio positioned as something of an upmarket alternative. Brazil is an oddity among emerging markets too in that its consumers like hatchbacks. In most emerging markets, the traditional booted sedan is the carriage of choice, largely because small cars tend to carry more people on an average journey than in the west, so a separate, larger luggage compartment is preferable. The sedan version of the Palio, the Siena, is too large to be an entry model in Central Europe or India, and in these markets it is sold as a mid-range model. In India, as in Brazil, the Uno props up the range. Fiat seems to accept this its Siena/Palio replacement, codenamed D200, is due to be unveiled next month. And itll be larger than the Siena, closer in size to a Toyota Corolla, according to reports. Renault has come much closer to the holy grail with the Logan. Like Fiat, Renault has a reasonably large emerging markets footprint, which became much more appealing once it had acquired its former Communist-era partner, Romanias Dacia, which had survived the post-Ceausescu turmoil by cranking out ancient Renault 12s in a crumbling plant. Logan was created along a brief to build a car that would sell for less than EUR5,000. It involved raiding the parts bin mainly Clio, though the suspension is from the Modus and producing a simple four-door sedan to be built in Romania and other emerging markets. While the EUR5,000 target turned out to be theoretically possible, such a vehicle has never existed as the specification would have been too basic even for Romanian tastes. Logan prices start around EUR7,000, and the project has undoubtedly been a success, with more than 250,000 sold in the first 18 months of production. As well as Romania, Logan is also manufactured in Russia, where 25,000 vehicles were produced from April 2005 to May 2006, as well as Morocco and Colombia. Production will soon start at a major plant in Iran, where 250,000 units a year are targeted, followed by India in partnership with Mahindra Mahindra and Brazil in 2007. A wagon version was premiered at the Paris Show in September, and panel van and pick-up derivatives will also be built. Logan has outperformed Palio because its a bit smaller, a bit cheaper and the production is better spread. There are potentially genuine economies of scale thanks to annual volumes at full production of around 800,000 units a year. It would be an even greater success if Renault could get it into China but talks about building it in partnership with Dongfeng-Nissan stalled last year and have remained unresolved. The idea of the Logan The initial idea of the Logan came from the former CEO Louis Schwetzer, who imagined, during a trip to Moscow in 1997, an economic saloon car (Berline) for the Russian market. The Logan was one car from car manufacturers which was not a sub product of a car already in existence in the developing world. Thus the car could be designed from scratch and thus could add to its probability of success in these markets. This gave developers more flexibility right from the design phase to the actual manufacturing phase. This flexibility and ability to create the product just for the emerging nations gave Renault a big competitive advantage over competitors. They could thus follow a low cost strategy right from the very start. The  low cost strategy There are two parts in Renaults low cost strategy to ensure that the product launch is successful; firstly it lays emphasis on a specific organizational and production strategy to match the low prices thus incorporating extreme efficiency in the organization and secondly on achieving the right product positioning which is supposed to fulfil consumers needs in both developed as well as emerging countries. 1. Low cost Strategy To answer the needs of a mass market, the price of the car needs to be such that the car is accessible to everyone. The production costs will then have to be lower than for a normal car under the criterion set by Renault. But at no stage should our product not fulfil the consumers expectations, in particular concerning the safety of the car. Certain factors in cars are hygiene factors and they are a necessity no matter what the cost. This also has to be taken into account while making the final decision. As the Logan was not a product derived from some other product, the whole production process was to be adapted to the main idea underlying the concept of the car; it had to be extremely lean and efficient. We had to control the costs and thus make production less expensive and yet meet high level of expectations regarding the reliability, strength and performance of the product. Reducing the costs was a strategic phase of the project, and with this low cost approach, Renault could put on the market a car that was sold with a sub 5000 Euro price tag in emerging countries. The company also standardized its processes in all the plants across the world in order to ensure lowest possible costs. The company has taken the best practices from various companies around the world. They have incorporated concepts like Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, Just in Time, etc based on the success at other firms around the world. The company is known for its logistics and follows the following principles for the same. This has been especially in practice ever since the launch of the Logan as the volumes for the company have really picked up as a result. 15,000 trucks and 26 trains are used to ship parts and cars are transported daily in around 400 wagons, 10 ships and 1,200 trucks. The transport budget totals around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 470 million for supply and another à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 725 million for vehicle distribution. 7 large function families    Logistics at Renault is divided into 7 main families covering all logistics activity, from design to project to series life apart from spare parts and accessories. They include Production Supply and Management Logistics Quality Shipment and Transport Industrial Planning and Programming Supply Chain Architecture Physical Flow Engineering Process Engineering The low cost method Renault could apply a low cost model for the production of a new car, as it had all the core competencies for it. He used the method  design to cost for the Logan, already used with the Twingo in 1992. With this method all the processes are defined regarding the feasibility of a technique and the savings it would lead to. It is a centralized method, one manager was appointed to check all the process, instead of having each business unit participating to the project. This manager had a broad decision power, and it saved time and resources. The material was chosen as per the availability of the material all over the world, as the productions sites were supposed to cater to the nearest possible consumers markets. The contractors were also chosen depending on the location of the production site. The number of components was reduced from 4000 on an average for a car to about 1400 for the Logan. Another important cost reduction was the reduction of the promotional budget (mainly in developed countries). 150 Euros is spent for one Logan, whereas the average cost of promotion is 400 Euros for one car. All these competencies are not easily imitable by Renaults competitors. 2. The Original Positioning Traditionally, consumers need for a car were analyse as opposite between developed and emerging countries. For the emerging markets, the development of a middle class is the appearance of a new market for the car industry as more and more people can afford one. Until the Logan, the consumers from this new middle class could only afford a second hand car. With the Logan, Renault is offering a new car at the same price than a second hand one, with the possibility to personalize your car with a broad choice of options. The second advantage of the Logan is the guarantee of safety as it is constructed by a well-known car constructor. Another argument for the emerging markets is the fact that it is a foreign brand. Indeed, for emerging markets consumers, it can be better for your social status to have a foreign brand car. In developing countries, the launching of the Logan was a success even if it was not meant to be launched at first in developing countries. For example in Germany, the consumers were attracted to the idea of having a popular car. In those markets, the price argument was extremely important but all the attraction of the Logan came from the fact that it could be personalized has any other car. With the Logan, Renault was able to sell a low cost car to consumers by make them forget it was a low cost car. Even if the price is the common factor in both markets, the motivations surrounding the price are different. The possibility to buy a new car is mainly linked to the social status for emerging countries consumers whereas what attracts developed countries consumers is the rationality of buying a safe new car at a low cost. Marketing strategy The originality of Renaults positioning is to have made one product and to adapt the marketing strategy to the specificity of each market. The price is the first difference between markets. A Logan is sold in France 1500 Euros more than in Romania. This difference can be explained on a strategic point of view; because Renault didnt want that the Logan became the only car sold in France by Renault. If the price had been too low, the Logan would have competed with others Renaults products. (In French it is called the cannibalism effectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ not sure if the translation exists; it is a concept in marketing) Apart from that specificity of the French market, the price is changing depending on the countries mainly because it is possible for a client to invest in options and then pay more. Sales Owing to its marketing strategy adapted to each local market, Renault intends to satisfy a maximum of different expectations and obtain an optimisation of its sales. The low cost positioning of the Logan is original because it links a low price product to a diverse offer in order to meet different consumers expectations. Emerging countries markets and their specificities In that context, an offer adapted to the revenue of the emergents countries consumers was suppose to be Renaults way to enter those markets with high growth potential. The specificities of emerging countries car market are that it is today underdeveloped, meaning that its potential growth is very high. The importance of having a product adapted to these markets for Renault was also the only way to be able to compete with the future competition coming from India and China. Launching the Logan The first production centre for the Logan was based in Romania. The car was initially sold in 16 countries Romania, Croatia, Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Rep, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia,  Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Baltes countries, Moldavia, Poland). Launched the 9th of June 2005 in France, it was also sold in Germany and Spain. The decision to launch the Logan in Western Europe was a forced decision as a parallel market appeared. It was the only way for Renault to avoid competition with its others cars in Western Europe. Renault in Western Europe Renault originally did not have plans to launch Logan in Western Europe. However, the company started importing a more expensive version of the car in 2006 which was priced at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 7000. The car was a success in Western Europe contrary to the beliefs of the company. This showed the predilection of the buyers for a low cost no frills car. The car is sold under the name of Dacia Logan in the western European region. The car manufactured mainly for the developing nations in Eastern Europe was not intended to be launched in the developed markets of Western Europe. Dacia was assigned the task of developing a car which is low cost and suits the need of developing market and the success in Western Europe did come as a surprise for Renault. By 2007, over 15% of the total sales of Logan was coming from France and Germany. For people in Western Europe the looks are not that good. The Logan MCV shares the same dowdy lines as its siblings. You also dont get many features. To keep costs down, Dacia minimized the frill factor to such a low that they were almost non-existent. Nevertheless, the Logan MCV handled city streets with ease. The steering is direct. The suspension is firm but still comfortable. To deal with the often-unpaved roads of its target markets, the Logans suspension is slightly higher than other comparably sized vehicles. Like many European cars, the Logan comes with small and efficient engine options. Despite the small engine the car performed well under traffic. The major reason for the success should be attributed to the price. Compared to the others cars in the segment the price that Logan was charging were unbelievably cheap. Others cars in the segment were priced at around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 13000. The appetite for low cost cars in Western Europe is a tantalizing development and it could serve as a major point to sell more cars in the markets which are believed by most to be saturated. The low cost cars have a potential to be bought by families who want more than one car. This could also fulfill the requirement of students and the working class early into their career. The scope is wide and prospects wider. Failure of Logan in India Renault launched its low cost car Logan in India in April, 2007. The car had been hugely successful worldwide. The low cost car was conceived primarily for developing markets, but due to its huge success in Eastern Europe, Renault chose to launch it in Western Europe as well, where it turned out to be successful. Renault entered India via a joint venture with Indian automaker Mahindra Mahindra, which provide market insights and distribution reach, while the engines were to be sourced from France. During the launch, the company had projected sales of 30,000 units a year, or 2500 units per month. The actual sales in October 2009 were around 500 cars per month. The joint venture was supposed to deliver synergy and allow Renault the platform to grow its brand in India. Each partner was expected to deliver a resource which the JV could exploit. While Mahindra provided marketing and distribution, Renault brought to the table technology. However, the JV failed to deliver for the following reasons: The price point for Logan was a major problem. The petrol range starts at Rs 4.43 lakh going up to Rs 5.32 lakh and the diesel variant is priced at Rs 6.68 lakh. The competitors of Logan in the low cost segment, like Maruti Swift Dzire and Tata Indigo CS, had much more aggressive price tags, and cars like like Ford Ikon and Hyundai Accent that were available in a price bracket close to the Renault model put pressure on demand for Logan. The reason for Logan having to price higher than its other low cost competitors was the fact that 50% of Logans parts and the engine itself were sourced from France, which is higher than any other manufacturer. As a result costs went up The issue here that prevented synergy was the lack of trust between Renault and Mahindra. Renault refused to part with its technology in an attempt to retain power in the JV and it to keep open its option of having an independent future in India. Another problem that the JV faced was the rising Euro. Due to the fluctuations in currencies, the costs of the company kept going up, and it could not move to a more aggressive price point. Moreover, being just over 4 meters long, Logan was in an excise bracket higher than other low cost cars. To top it all, Renault felt that the current volumes were not large enough to justify localized supply. This showed lack of commitment towards the JV. After the JV with MM, Renault initiated talks with Bajaj for its small car and also started contacting other auto manufacturers. This strategy of having multiple partners in the same category, especially when these partners maybe competitors, is not a smart one. Due to this apparent lack of commitment from Renault, the Logan was relegated to the backstage in Mahindra outlets with no dealer push coming forth for the car. The company MM and its dealers preferred to push the Scorpio more, for obvious reasons. Therefore, the Logan entered the market with limited dealer push in spite of having one of the strongest distribution networks in India. There was very little by way of branding done for the Logan. After the initial launch campaign, there was precious little brand building. The JV tried to drive growth by discount ads, provided primarily by local dealers. As a result Logan never became a strong brand in India. This lack of customer pull, coupled with the lack of retailer push mentioned above ensured that the brand Logan never really took off in India. Moreover, news about the rocky relationship between the partners kept consumers away from the car due to uncertainty about service in the future. Lessons from the failure We can derive many lessons from the unexpected failure of the Logan in the Indian market. It teaches us how to derive value from a resource like a JV. Both partners must be committed to the joint venture for it to succeed. Renault was in talks with other manufacturers, as a result Mahindra did not take the JV seriously. This led to low retailer push, bad press and low investment in marketing activities. In its attempt to grow too quickly Renault actually jeopardized its existing brand. The partners have to share a degree of trust. The JV sourced about 50% of the parts and the engine from France. This would not have been the case if Renault could have trusted MM with its technology. Even though that would have given greater power to MM, it would have ensured a successful take-off for the Logan. Renault could have built its power in the JV by gradually developing its own distribution network over a period of a few years. However, in its rush to grow quickly it jeopardized a very good product. Renault could also have signaled its commitment and trust by building manufacturing facilities in India, but refrained from doing so.

Hellen Keller Essay -- Biography Biographies Hellen Keller Essays

Hellen Keller Helen Keller was born on 27 June 1880 in Alabama. Her father was a newspaper editor. She was a lively and healthy child with a friendly personality. She could walk and even say a few simple words. In 1882 she caught a fever that was so bad she almost died. When it was over she could no longer see or hear. Because she could not hear it was also very hard to speak. She was 18 months old when this happened. But Helen was not someone who gave up easily. Soon she began to explore the world by using her other senses. She followed her mother wherever she went, hanging onto her skirts. She touched and smelled everything she came across and felt other people's hands to see what they were doing. She copied their actions and could do some jobs herself, like milking the cows or kneading dough. She even learnt to recognise people by feeling their faces or their clothes. She could also tell where she was in the garden by the smell of the different plants and the feel of the ground under her feet. By the time she was seven she had invented over 60 different signs she could use to talk to her family. If she wanted bread for example she would pretend to cut a loaf and butter the slices. If she wanted ice cream she wrapped her arms around herself and pretended to shiver. At the age of five Helen began to realise she was different from other people. She noticed that her family did not use signs like she did but talked with their mouths. Sometimes she stood between two people and touched their lips. She could not understand what they said and she could not make any understandable sounds herself. She wanted to talk but no matter how she tried she could not make herself understood. This made her so angry that she used to throw herself around the room, kicking and screaming in frustration. The older she got the more frustrated she got and her rages got worse and worse. She became wild and hard to control. If she didn't get what she wanted she would throw tantrums until her family gave in. Her favourite tricks were grabbing other people's food from their plates and throwing breakable things on the floor. Once she even managed to lock her mother into the pantry. Eventually her family knew that something had to be done. So just before her seventh birthday the family hired a private tutor. Anne Sull... ...ations working with blind people overseas. Without the help of others Helen Keller would never have succeeded the way she did. She relied a lot on Anne Sullivan, who went everywhere with her for almost fifty years. But Helen Keller was very remarkable. She was very intelligent, sensitive and determined. She was the first deaf-blind person to make such a public success of her life. But she is not the only person with a hearing and sight impairment to succeed. She is only the best known. Maybe her biggest success was in convincing other people that disability is not the end of the world. One Japanese lady said about her, 'For many generations, more than we can count, we bowed our heads and submitted to blindness and beggary. This blind and deaf woman lifts her head high and teaches us to win our way by work and laughter. She brings light and hope to the heart'. I liked learning about Helen Keller because she worked hard and learned how to do things that most people thought blind and deaf people could not ever do. She found other ways to learn than the way most people do because she was handicapped, but she did not let it stop her.

The Benefits of Preschool Essay examples -- Argumentative Persuasive E

The Benefits of Preschool Preschool isn't just a place for parents to drop off their children while they are at work for the day. It is in preschool where children learn the necessary skills needed to succeed in school and in life. With high-quality preschools and qualified teachers the possibilities are endless. It's not only the children who reap the benefits of Early Childhood Education; their parents, fellow peers, and even society feel the positive effects of quality preschool programs. Children enrolled in quality preschool programs are more likely to succeed academically and socially when they are older. Many children begin school at the ages of 5 or 6, the age when a child enters kindergarten. However, children?s learning capabilities are at there peak at earlier ages than that. Alison Gopnik, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Berkeley says, ?Children learn more in their early years than they ever will again. With the dissolution of the extended family, the best way to support early learning is with publicly funded pre-K? (Starr, 2002). Their brains are more primed to learn and will absorb more information earlier in life. Therefore the earlier children begin their education, the better. It is through these programs that the children learn proper etiquettes when dealing with teachers and fellow students. ?Children who attend well-planned, high quality programs?tend to learn more and are better prepared to successfully master the complex demands of formal schooling,? says one government commissioned review of research on early childhood education (Ruben, 2000/2001). The results of quality preschool programs can be seen early after they begin. Children learn many important life le... ...e San Francisco Chronicle, A27. Retrieved October 4, 2002 from Lexis Nexis ? Academic-Document. Rhodes, M. (1999 Fall). What kids really learn in preschool. Parenting, 13(7), 74. Retrieved September 17, 2002 from MasterFILE Premier. Ruben, D. (2000 December/2001 January). Preschool for all?. Parenting, 14(10), 160. Retrieved September 17, 2002 from MasterFILE Premier. Starr, A. (2002 August 19/2002 August 26). The importance of teaching tots. Business Week, (3796), 164. Retrieved October 14, 2002 from Academic Search Premier. Wagner, Senator J. (2002 April 17). Money for early childhood education is money well Spent. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, A-24. Retrieved October 4, 2002 from Lexis Nexis ? Academic-Document. Wang, P. (1998 February). The impact of delaying school. Parenting, 12(1), 26. Retrieved September 17,2002 from MasterFILE Premier.

South Africa - Diverse In Culture But Could Be Unified In Language :: essays research papers

South Africa is diverse in culture but could be unified in language. English should be South Africa’s unifying language. It is necessary to understand what nationhood is, so that you the reader realise that a national language does not alter a nation. It binds the nation. I will also discuss South Africa’s diverse cultures and how a unifying language can merge these cultures. Lastly, I will demonstrate the links between language and identity. The concept of a nation is not easily defined. †Nationalism is a deeply contradictory enterprise.† (P Brooker, 1999,148). Our nation is one that has been formed over many years and languages have been brought to us through imperialism, immigrants and time. We have to accept that, †for most nations of the world to escape the profound experience of imperialism would be in fact to escape their own actual history† (P Brooker, 1999,148). We cannot deny that there is an assortment of language, which abound this nation. However, we need to choose one unifying language, which we can all use. This is essential for purposes of communication and mediation, which I will discuss later. This national language would be the only official language and English would be the unifying language. Identity is an ever-changing concept. South Africans sexuality, class, gender, race and even language determine our identity. †Contemporary identities can therefore be fluid or consciously delimited. Any number of factors are likely to be under negotiation in either case; whether of religion, nation, language, political ideology or cultural expression† (P Brooker, 1999,109). Our South African identity is one which has changed through imperialism and it is one that has changed through apartheid and it is one which will continue changing in order to progress therefore a national language such as English can become a part of this ever changing south African identity. A national language will not change the identities of South Africans, it will enhance it. People will still speak their different languages however when we are together we will have a common form of communication. In English-medium schools, for example, English is used as a medium for the study of a wide range of subjects. The students and the teachers come from different cultural backgrounds and many speak different languages at home but they use a common language for educational purposes. This means that an Indian teacher, who maybe speaks Tamil at home, can teach students, who might speak Zulu at home, using a common language, (S. South Africa - Diverse In Culture But Could Be Unified In Language :: essays research papers South Africa is diverse in culture but could be unified in language. English should be South Africa’s unifying language. It is necessary to understand what nationhood is, so that you the reader realise that a national language does not alter a nation. It binds the nation. I will also discuss South Africa’s diverse cultures and how a unifying language can merge these cultures. Lastly, I will demonstrate the links between language and identity. The concept of a nation is not easily defined. †Nationalism is a deeply contradictory enterprise.† (P Brooker, 1999,148). Our nation is one that has been formed over many years and languages have been brought to us through imperialism, immigrants and time. We have to accept that, †for most nations of the world to escape the profound experience of imperialism would be in fact to escape their own actual history† (P Brooker, 1999,148). We cannot deny that there is an assortment of language, which abound this nation. However, we need to choose one unifying language, which we can all use. This is essential for purposes of communication and mediation, which I will discuss later. This national language would be the only official language and English would be the unifying language. Identity is an ever-changing concept. South Africans sexuality, class, gender, race and even language determine our identity. †Contemporary identities can therefore be fluid or consciously delimited. Any number of factors are likely to be under negotiation in either case; whether of religion, nation, language, political ideology or cultural expression† (P Brooker, 1999,109). Our South African identity is one which has changed through imperialism and it is one that has changed through apartheid and it is one which will continue changing in order to progress therefore a national language such as English can become a part of this ever changing south African identity. A national language will not change the identities of South Africans, it will enhance it. People will still speak their different languages however when we are together we will have a common form of communication. In English-medium schools, for example, English is used as a medium for the study of a wide range of subjects. The students and the teachers come from different cultural backgrounds and many speak different languages at home but they use a common language for educational purposes. This means that an Indian teacher, who maybe speaks Tamil at home, can teach students, who might speak Zulu at home, using a common language, (S.

Family is an extraordinarily important aspect of my life Essay

My mother, above everyone else in my life, has had a significant influence on me. My mom has said that if the whole world turns their back on you, your family will always be there for you. She has always been there for me. She is an absolutely amazing human being and a great role model. Everyday I see how she handles having four children, manages a household and a career. Through her example, I have learned to make good decisions and be very responsible. My mother inspires me everyday. She has taught me to not only respect other people’s opinions, but to formulate my own opinions as well. She showed me that I can do anything I put my mind to and has told me to always stand up for myself. I started to play soccer when I was in second grade and I came to love it. Years ago when I was playing soccer, I was not getting much playing time during games. I was not one of the strongest players but I played well. I was disappointed about the games and talked to my mom about it. She said rather than her talking to the coach I should remind the coach that I was not getting enough playing time. During the next game I stood by the coach and asked to be put in. It worked. I got more playing time and the coach noticed how well I played. He complimented me on my game and from that point on I didn’t have to ask for more playing time. I am glad that she encouraged me to stand up for myself. From this experience, I learned that in life you have to fight for what you want. My mom has shown me that we should not only take from the community, but also give back. I volunteer with the Girl Scouts and at a local church as much as possible. With my church youth group I have visited a Veteran’s home to talk with the residents and keep them company. We also have done a rake and run where we rake the leaves of elderly or disabled people. I was voted onto a core team by my peers. On the core team I help the advisers lead the group at meetings and volunteer services. Because of my mom’s encouragement, I work extremely hard at school and everything I do. She has inspired me to push myself to the limit and beyond. My mom has taught me to live my life to its fullest. Life is a journey and my mom has taught me many things along the way. College is the next step in my journey and I am going to take everything I have learned along with me. My mom has not only influenced my life, but is my absolute hero. The lessons she has taught me will be instilled in me foreve

Effective Training †Expectancy Theory Essay

Expectancy theory maintains that mass will make an effort to get a standard of performance if they savvy that it will be rewarded by a desirable outcome (Wilson, 1999), giving to a greater extent effort will result in better performance, these probable organisational rewards ar valued by the employee, and better concern performance will result to transcriptional rewards which includes an increase in benefits or salary. lovable outcome is essentially a return of individual circumstances and perceptions and is therefore a subject to change. According to Wilson, at oneness prison status, lifelong employment and security of promote at an equitable level of remuneration may pitch been the driving mightiness for many employees.Those who have suffered the effect s of downsizing and redundancy argon at a time likely to view the world in different manner, where wrinkles offering short terminus and reasonably remunerated employment prospects be more attractive than no job at a ll, and similarly, those in employment and those pursuit employment are likely to have a positive view of mesh offering the prospect of development of separate and transferrable skills, as an investment in their future employability (Wilson, 1999).If one of the managers will enjoin that he doesnt have time for this theory stuff and he wants real-world breeding that will help him in his job, I will tell him first that, outsourcing, downsizing, delayering, and casualisation of jobs are all fashionable but these trends fix employees explicit or implicit relationships with their employer, and similarly, reduced career oppurtunities, shorter tenure, the need for transferrable skills to do employability, and increased used of fixed term contracts weaken the traditional ties of loyalty to their caller-ups destiny psychologically as well as formally (Wilson, 1999).I will tell him that he should do anything which will encourage his employees to trust their organization or company bec ause it is important to put on employees trust and loyalty to the company to come through better productivity.

The Ride

The devolve on The puff off is the story of the heinous and grue whatsoever off of ten year old, Jeffrey Curley, a case that is old(prenominal) to m whatsoever in the Massachusetts area. The confine industrial plant its way from the grisly crime to the years later onward. It focuses on the family of Jeffrey, heavily weighted on the life of Cambridge stoker move Curley, Jeffreys father. Charles Jaynes and Salvatore Sicari, both from Jeffreys approach were convicted of the murder.Within this essay I will demonstrate from The Ride the relationship amidst reporting and crucifixion that whitethorn discombobulate been brought on for the crime victims of this case, the relationship mingled with the victim profiles and the victim family profiles, the role in which the family whitethorn train played in the crime, relationships that developed between the victim and the victims families of this event and how the revitalising justice Model would have better served the victims o f this crime. The validatory victims, The Curleys, as a go of this crime undergo a magnitude of media sensation from the very fire of the event.Some of it being in sponsorful, useful ways and some measure in negative ways. erstwhile it was report that Jeffrey Curley was missing, the media went to striking lengths to get his information publicized and to toy awareness to the capital of Massachusetts area of his fade. Hundreds of fellowship members poised and started conducting their own attemptes. Fliers were make depicting a small Little League player and posted in almost each business and on every(prenominal) route pole. Persons who were not familiar or an supporter of the Curleys offered their help and services in the search for the missing boy.The innocence of the young boy pictured in the fliers tore at the heartstrings of all Boston residents. Along with all the positive outpouring from the familiarity and the media, also came negative aspects. Nearly every m edia payoff in the Boston area took up pack on the streets in and around the Curley abode, very much times confining the Curleys to their home. If they were fitted to leave, they were bombarded with request for interviews, which I believe great deal lead to further victimisation at such a tragic and terrify time. The Curleys grief was widely publicized and sensationalize after the crime occurred.In the book, the Curleys were depicted as an average out lower income, divorced family. Shortly after the disappearance and murder of Jeffrey Curley rumors also began spreading throughout the community near the Curleys and their parenting tactics. It was mentioned in the book that great deal questioned why Jeffrey would be allowed to roam around the area unsupervised throughout the day. A lower income neighborhood, where often times young adults and teenagers were seen gathering at street corners, the sort of places where petty crimes and mischievous behavior took place.The Curley s felt scrutinized by some of the comments that were being passed around, then leading to further victimizations of the family. It was mentioned that the Curleys felt responsible in some way for Jefferys disappearance, bollocks up and murder. They agonized over all the what ifs and if they could have made a difference. The higher upmentioned rumors only added more guilt to their already traumatized lives. As a result of this crime, many relationships were realised between the victims and numerous agencies, social groups, special stakes groups, and politicians, as well as the criminal evaluator system.Some of these relationships were positive and some were negative. Bob Curley and his family went to extreme measures to have the death penalty reinstated in the state of Massachusetts. The Curleys began this move around by contacting Senators and Representatives to help spark a need for the reinstatement of the death penalty. The Boston area had been plagued with immoral and he inous crimes for years, and the Jeffrey Curley murder put the wheels in cause for changes to be made in the criminal arbitrator system.In a modify battle for the reinstatement, lawmakers who once foreign the death penalty were changing their locating, but in the curiosity certain lawmakers that proposed it changed their stance too. In the end opponents were able to kill the death penalty posting with an 80-80 tie. The Curleys were outraged at the decision, as they archetype there was hope of getting this bill passed. They had lobbied, protested, equanimous petitions, and run fored day and night during this period, only to have it rejected. As proponents of the death penalty, they felt that Jeffreys murder was empty and unregarded to warrant such a penalty.Throughout the Curleys expedition of this crime, specifically for Bob Curley, relationships that he never prospect he would have were emerging at every corner. A once advocate for the reinstatement of capital penalisa tion was beginning to form relationships with persons who argue such. Not the heated debate relationships he was accustomed to, but grave open and honest communication. He connected with victims of other heinous crimes, such as the father of a victim of the Oklahoma City bombing event, which resulted in his missys death.Although suffering the loss of his daughter he was still an opponent of capital penalization. Bob Curley slowly began to change his views on capital punishment and became more open to the idea of opposition. Over a year after his encounter with these victims, Bob Curley changed his stance on capital punishment and now opposed it. Despite backlash from his family, Bob Curley remained firm on his risingfound decision and remains that way today. I believe that this change in stance and new friendships he made helped Bob Curley in the mend process.Charles Jaynes and Salvatore Sicari were seek separately and in separate courts. The book depicts Jaynes as the master mind behind the crime and Sicari, the accomplice. Jaynes was cognize to have pedophile tendencies and often was outspoken about such. Jeffrey was a young, naive boy, who was easily persuaded by Jaynes. Sicari was tried first and received life in prison without the possibility of parole. Jaynes on the other hand was convicted of second-degree murder. Once again, the Curleys were outraged with the latter verdict. Jaynes, who had been known to be the mastermind, received a lessor sentence than the accomplice.I believe any faith the Curleys had in the criminal jurist system was greatly diminished by the verdict. Again, the Curleys continued to suffer further revictimization as a result. Bob Curleys personal relationship with his world-shaking other, Mimi, also became strained as a result of this crime. As one can imagine, Bob Curley suffered great depression after the murder of his son. He became retire and distant from Mimi. He also turned to imbibition alcohol on a daily tail as a coping mechanism. As a result, he became violent with Mimi, and was forced out of the home and was estranged from her.Serving as a wake up call, Bob Curley sought professional help and help from Alcoholics Anonymous. After a profound amount of time apart, Bob and Mimi were eventually able to mend their relationship. I believe that much of the above mentioned information, problems and conclusions could have been prevented with the newly emerging recuperative Justice Model. Bob Curley, as well as the alight of the Curley family carried an extreme amount of hatred, as one can only imagine. However, by doing so they suffered even deeper and were continually revictimized as a result.Bob Curley often times had homage outburst at the offenders, shouting obscenities. If the Curleys had interpreted part in some type of reconciliation, peacemaking or mediation process much of their suffering and revictimization could have been prevented. Jeffreys mother, Barbara still has not been able to get closure or peace as a result of this crime. She is no longer able to work a full-time job and lives with one of her sons. Had Restorative Justice been an option and had the Curleys taken benefit of it, I believe much of their suffering and worrying could have been avoided.The term victim is derived from the Latin term, to sacrifice, and the Curleys, unfortunately, handgrip true to the definition. They have paid the ultimate outlay for the heinous crime committed against Jeffrey Curley in 1997. The journey they have been forced to travel on has brought suffering to them through numerous agencies, them to labeled and profiled, periods of guilt feelings, and numerous relationships to formed, both good and bad. References Macquarrie, B. (2009) The Ride. Cambridge, MA Da Capo Press.

Away and ‘Waiting on the world to change’ Essay

compound is a process, miscellaneaover or alteration that discovers every(prenominal) aspects of animateness and groundwork affect carriages, beliefs and behaviours. Michael Gows philander absent competitivenesss excited, eldritch and rational dislodge evince by dint of the addresss along their pilgrimage of diverge. Gow has chosen graphemes much(prenominal) as precious coral, tomcat and Gwen to attest the disparate types of deviates that get in the flirt a even up smart(p). Gow physical exercises techniques much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Inter textbookual matteruality, completelyusion, social structure, bakshis in pri intelligence term bearing and symbolization to preface the shifts the qualitys watch it off. In the verse hold on the reallyness to multifariousness re exhibit by rear Myer, diversify is demo by dint of the fiber of put up of war and the go for of a tilt in future. Myer calls poetical techniques and symbolization to signal the veers faceed in the boyg. trade muckle lodge in some(prenominal) forms and has a lop of per paroleal set up on those who cognize it.worked up transplant is dis unraveled by some(prenominal) texts although it is dis vivifyed by means of Gows sportswoman out to a greater extent so than in Myers meter. Gow cave ins horny carg peerlessn demo by the address coral. The frantic crack-up go usurpe by chromatic callable to her sons finis rendered the auditory gumption her softness to carry normally. Her transit is nearly an aflame convalescence as she bem utilise her favorable identicalness and struggles to run across connective with a nonher(prenominal)s as she gouget drive anything to conjecture (Act 2, lay out setting 2). red coral turn arounds to emblematically walking over again and reconnect with the dungeon origination and accepts that there is invigoration and remnant. re superman spate bu zz off numerous another(prenominal) forms and has a shop of set up on those who envision it.The substance ab in dash of Intertextuality of a goldbrick with in a pervert tail represents the manner of the flakes. corals st deviate at the bound acts red corals upcountry deviate and it shows that she has track her horny, psychological and ghost resembling disputes and her pillow slip has fill fored transformation. Im walking, Im walking coral says in the curious at the coast at the set aside of the look which symbolises her inwrought limiting and the credenza of her sons stopping point. Similarly, the sense of emotional potpourri verbalised by dint of the lyrics in throne Myers rime is failing as he sings Its sonorous to potherthe system, when were stand up at a distance. conjuring trick Myer is expressing frustration by dint of and with with(predicate) emotional wrangle in the occurrence that he upright piece of tailnot salmagundi the terra firma to a more(prenominal) arrogant place. reposition domiciliate rail some forms and has a course of payoffuate on those who watch it away it. sacred sort was explored by the feature of gobbler in Gows go external as he demonstrates to his p atomic number 18nts that he is advised of his overture end and he accepts his fate. This is shown finished with(predicate) the intertextuality technique of a caper deep down a dep ratiocination and it turn of eventss as a symbolic metaphor utilize to represent the purport of the char momenter and an penetration of what get outing obtain up to them as the format continues. As tom turkey be knows more judge of his dis frame, his credit demonstrates ghostly channels. Gow uses the structure of the merriment to the emolument of pompositying gobblers ghostlike qualify passim the gambling as not everything is revealed at once, charge the audience engaged. When tom turkeys illness is revea led, it inspires other characters such(prenominal) as Gwen, to wreak diverseness also. When Gwen is assured of toms illness, her thoughts of him salmagundi and in turn her personality towards others potpourrid also. The realness of turkey cocks death alters the persuasions of the characters and their encounter spiritual turn in the way that they learn to advise the hold dear of the present, further also to come where they be heading. It cornerstone be hold inn that transmit whoremaster meditate some forms and has a endure of personal cause on those who meet it.Gow uses Gwens character to dis bout kind permute. At the inception of the walkaway Gwen is passing decisive of tom, insensible of his look into. Her trade behind be demonstrate through her converse as at the stock of the make for it shows negativism and seen as a commencement of strife which alternates to lovingness and of determine. This eccentric person wint pissed is an ma nikin of the status and conflict that Gwen was expressing in the play her character encountered transport. Her budge in view and perspective do her assimilate what she has is of real value. The techniques that present Gwens overleap of self-understanding argon gunpoint bears. In act 4, characterisation 2, the Bex she refers to was utilise as a fix for what she keept debate with. subsequently on Gwen rejects the prop of Bex and tries to come to scathe with her saucily self.The turning point of Gwens castrate is the noesis of turkey cocks illness. point thrills such as the miming in act 5, shaft 1 where no dialogue was used to the balancing fetching place in the midst of characters such as precious coral and Roy and Gwen and her family. The blood amongst Gwen and her family subsequently her inter miscellaneas becomes scalelike as Gwen shows them affection. An caseful of this would be the variation in chemical reactions when Gwen authoritative her Ch ristmas presents. She was affectionate and thankful, dis move her characters heighten by comparison that to her prior reaction when Jim forgot the presents at abode. turns give noticeister engender many a(prenominal) another(prenominal) forms and has a shed of set up on those who cognize it.Gow uses allusion in his philander outdoor(a) which helps to present conventional meanings around the idea of transmit to the audience, achieved through the use of Shakespearean texts. It is a stage direction as the fairies in the origin moving-picture show symbolise a be draw which refers to the intrinsic conflict inwardly the characters and the consequences of their soul channelises just like a do creates throws by and by it has occurred. The draw is a unavoidablenessful destruction that brings the characters together on a charming brink to be restored and reconciled. The characters at this point dumbfound all go out shift and the assail is a accelerat or pedal of their transformation. Upon approach shot home aft(prenominal) the family holidays, the play completes a adequate electric circuit by final result the play where it started. As the play realized a climb circle, so have the characters that have undergone a union transformation in scout by the end of the play. Shown through Gows play away(predicate), changes heap conduce many forms and has a ply of effects on those who dumbfound it.Alternatively, ideas of change presented in the Myers text/ curb are dis confusable to those shown in forth. Ideas of change presented are that change is in small stages and get under ones skins time. The composers spot towards change is that its affects whitethorn not be conterminous and this is denotative through the repeat of the excogitate wait. The repetition emphasises the need for time as swell as believe that change will come one day. It serves as an trait that change is moderate and this reflects on the put a cross beingness explicit by Myer. In order for change to occur, Myer expresses that a change of attitude and perspectives is needed. We see everything thats leaving premature with the conception and those who lead it. These lyrics function in conveyance the composers marrow that battalion dont have the right attitudes or contributions to make a change. It lavatory be seen that change can take many forms and has a go astray of effects on those who experience it.Change is clear show through some(prenominal) texts and provides similar set or concepts in encountering change. Corals psychological and emotional state is pound by the word sense of her sons death term tomcat and Gwen present spiritual and psychical change when the earthly concern of Toms condition has been recognised. Gow presented change through techniques such as symbolism, structure, stage directions, allusions and intertextuality. hindquarters Myers text resembles change with the use of poetic tech niques and symbolism. The song displays the hopefulness and intention for a ever-changing future. twain texts use techniques to show the change encountered and twain revolve around on the value of change. As it if apparent(a) in both(prenominal) texts, change can take many forms and has a range of effect on those who experience it.